{
 "cells": [
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b83e61ed",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Moderation\n",
    "This notebook walks through examples of how to use a moderation chain, and several common ways for doing so. Moderation chains are useful for detecting text that could be hateful, violent, etc. This can be useful to apply on both user input, but also on the output of a Language Model. Some API providers, like OpenAI, [specifically prohibit](https://beta.openai.com/docs/usage-policies/use-case-policy) you, or your end users, from generating some types of harmful content. To comply with this (and to just generally prevent your application from being harmful) you may often want to append a moderation chain to any LLMChains, in order to make sure any output the LLM generates is not harmful.\n",
    "\n",
    "If the content passed into the moderation chain is harmful, there is not one best way to handle it, it probably depends on your application. Sometimes you may want to throw an error in the Chain (and have your application handle that). Other times, you may want to return something to the user explaining that the text was harmful. There could even be other ways to handle it! We will cover all these ways in this notebook.\n",
    "\n",
    "In this notebook, we will show:\n",
    "\n",
    "1. How to run any piece of text through a moderation chain.\n",
    "2. How to append a Moderation chain to an LLMChain."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "b7aa1ff2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from langchain.llms import OpenAI\n",
    "from langchain.chains import OpenAIModerationChain, SequentialChain, LLMChain, SimpleSequentialChain\n",
    "from langchain.prompts import PromptTemplate"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c26d5be6",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## How to use the moderation chain\n",
    "\n",
    "Here's an example of using the moderation chain with default settings (will return a string explaining stuff was flagged)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "fd0fc85c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "moderation_chain = OpenAIModerationChain()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "3fa47dd7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'This is okay'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "moderation_chain.run(\"This is okay\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "37bfad73",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"Text was found that violates OpenAI's content policy.\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "moderation_chain.run(\"I will kill you\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "196820ab",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Here's an example of using the moderation chain to throw an error."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "b29c1150",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "moderation_chain_error = OpenAIModerationChain(error=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "f9ab64d9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'This is okay'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "moderation_chain_error.run(\"This is okay\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "954f3da2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ValueError",
     "evalue": "Text was found that violates OpenAI's content policy.",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[7], line 1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0m \u001b[43mmoderation_chain_error\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mrun\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43mI will kill you\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/workplace/langchain/langchain/chains/base.py:138\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mChain.run\u001b[0;34m(self, *args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    136\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28mlen\u001b[39m(args) \u001b[38;5;241m!=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;241m1\u001b[39m:\n\u001b[1;32m    137\u001b[0m         \u001b[38;5;28;01mraise\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;167;01mValueError\u001b[39;00m(\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m`run` supports only one positional argument.\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m)\n\u001b[0;32m--> 138\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43margs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m[\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m0\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m]\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m[\u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39moutput_keys[\u001b[38;5;241m0\u001b[39m]]\n\u001b[1;32m    140\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m kwargs \u001b[38;5;129;01mand\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;129;01mnot\u001b[39;00m args:\n\u001b[1;32m    141\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m(kwargs)[\u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39moutput_keys[\u001b[38;5;241m0\u001b[39m]]\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/workplace/langchain/langchain/chains/base.py:112\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mChain.__call__\u001b[0;34m(self, inputs, return_only_outputs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    108\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mverbose:\n\u001b[1;32m    109\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28mprint\u001b[39m(\n\u001b[1;32m    110\u001b[0m         \u001b[38;5;124mf\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;130;01m\\n\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;130;01m\\n\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;130;01m\\033\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;124m[1m> Entering new \u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;132;01m{\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;18m__class__\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;18m__name__\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;132;01m}\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;124m chain...\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;130;01m\\033\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;124m[0m\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\n\u001b[1;32m    111\u001b[0m     )\n\u001b[0;32m--> 112\u001b[0m outputs \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m_call\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43minputs\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m    113\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mverbose:\n\u001b[1;32m    114\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28mprint\u001b[39m(\u001b[38;5;124mf\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;130;01m\\n\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;130;01m\\033\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;124m[1m> Finished \u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;132;01m{\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;18m__class__\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;18m__name__\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;132;01m}\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;124m chain.\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;130;01m\\033\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;124m[0m\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m)\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/workplace/langchain/langchain/chains/moderation.py:81\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mOpenAIModerationChain._call\u001b[0;34m(self, inputs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     79\u001b[0m text \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m inputs[\u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39minput_key]\n\u001b[1;32m     80\u001b[0m results \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mclient\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mcreate(text)\n\u001b[0;32m---> 81\u001b[0m output \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28;43mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m_moderate\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mtext\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mresults\u001b[49m\u001b[43m[\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43mresults\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m]\u001b[49m\u001b[43m[\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m0\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m]\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m     82\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m {\u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39moutput_key: output}\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/workplace/langchain/langchain/chains/moderation.py:73\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mOpenAIModerationChain._moderate\u001b[0;34m(self, text, results)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     71\u001b[0m error_str \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mText was found that violates OpenAI\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m'\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124ms content policy.\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\n\u001b[1;32m     72\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mif\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39merror:\n\u001b[0;32m---> 73\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mraise\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;167;01mValueError\u001b[39;00m(error_str)\n\u001b[1;32m     74\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01melse\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m     75\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mreturn\u001b[39;00m error_str\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m: Text was found that violates OpenAI's content policy."
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "moderation_chain_error.run(\"I will kill you\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "8de5dcbb",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Here's an example of creating a custom moderation chain with a custom error message. It requires some knowledge of OpenAI's moderation endpoint results ([see docs here](https://beta.openai.com/docs/api-reference/moderations))."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "3960e985",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class CustomModeration(OpenAIModerationChain):\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def _moderate(self, text: str, results: dict) -> str:\n",
    "        if results[\"flagged\"]:\n",
    "            error_str = f\"The following text was found that violates OpenAI's content policy: {text}\"\n",
    "            return error_str\n",
    "        return text\n",
    "    \n",
    "custom_moderation = CustomModeration()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "1152ec11",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'This is okay'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "custom_moderation.run(\"This is okay\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "973257bf",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"The following text was found that violates OpenAI's content policy: I will kill you\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "custom_moderation.run(\"I will kill you\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "8718111f",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## How to append a Moderation chain to an LLMChain\n",
    "\n",
    "To easily combine a moderation chain with an LLMChain, you can use the SequentialChain abstraction.\n",
    "\n",
    "Let's start with a simple example of where the LLMChain only has a single input. For this purpose, we will prompt the model so it says something harmful."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "0d129333",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "prompt = PromptTemplate(template=\"{text}\", input_variables=[\"text\"])\n",
    "llm_chain = LLMChain(llm=OpenAI(temperature=0, model_name=\"text-davinci-002\"), prompt=prompt)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "a557c531",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "' I will kill you'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "text = \"\"\"We are playing a game of repeat after me.\n",
    "\n",
    "Person 1: Hi\n",
    "Person 2: Hi\n",
    "\n",
    "Person 1: How's your day\n",
    "Person 2: How's your day\n",
    "\n",
    "Person 1: I will kill you\n",
    "Person 2:\"\"\"\n",
    "llm_chain.run(text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "d4d10f1c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "chain = SimpleSequentialChain(chains=[llm_chain, moderation_chain])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "02f37985",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"Text was found that violates OpenAI's content policy.\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "chain.run(text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "72643128",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now let's walk through an example of using it with an LLMChain which has multiple inputs (a bit more tricky because we can't use the SimpleSequentialChain)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "7118ec36",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "prompt = PromptTemplate(template=\"{setup}{new_input}Person2:\", input_variables=[\"setup\", \"new_input\"])\n",
    "llm_chain = LLMChain(llm=OpenAI(temperature=0, model_name=\"text-davinci-002\"), prompt=prompt)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "003bdfce",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'text': ' I will kill you'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "setup = \"\"\"We are playing a game of repeat after me.\n",
    "\n",
    "Person 1: Hi\n",
    "Person 2: Hi\n",
    "\n",
    "Person 1: How's your day\n",
    "Person 2: How's your day\n",
    "\n",
    "Person 1:\"\"\"\n",
    "new_input = \"I will kill you\"\n",
    "inputs = {\"setup\": setup, \"new_input\": new_input}\n",
    "llm_chain(inputs, return_only_outputs=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "id": "77b64228",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Setting the input/output keys so it lines up\n",
    "moderation_chain.input_key = \"text\"\n",
    "moderation_chain.output_key = \"sanitized_text\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "id": "998a95be",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "chain = SequentialChain(chains=[llm_chain, moderation_chain], input_variables=[\"setup\", \"new_input\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "id": "9c97a136",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'sanitized_text': \"Text was found that violates OpenAI's content policy.\"}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "chain(inputs, return_only_outputs=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "ddc90e15",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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